Convert Pressure from meters of water @ 4°C to kilopascals (mH₂O to kPa)

What is a meter of water @ 4°C (mH₂O)?

A meter of water @ 4°C (mH₂O) is a metric unit used to measure pressure.

It is precisely defined as 9.80665 kilopascals (kPa).

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The Significance of 4°C in Water Pressure

The specific temperature of 4°C (39.2°F) is key because this is the point where pure water is at its heaviest or most dense (approximately 999.972 kg/m³).

Using this temperature provides a stable and reliable standard for defining pressure.

This precision is essential in scientific and engineering fields like hydraulics and fluid mechanics, ensuring that measurements of pressure head are consistent and accurate across different applications and locations.

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Practical Uses in Engineering and Hydrology

The unit "meter of water" (mH₂O) is frequently used in civil engineering, hydrology, and irrigation to measure water levels and pressure.

It provides an intuitive way to express the pressure exerted by a column of water, such as the water level in a reservoir, dam, or groundwater well. This measurement is sometimes referred to as the 'piezometric head'.

It is also commonly used to specify the performance of pumps, indicating the height to which a pump can lift water.

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Conversion to Other Common Pressure Units

For practical use, it's often helpful to know how mH₂O converts to other common pressure units.

One mH₂O is equal to:

• 9.80665 kilopascals (kPa)
• 9806.65 Pascals (Pa)
• 0.098 bar (approximately)
• 1.422 pounds per square inch (psi) (approximately)

These conversion factors allow engineers and scientists to easily translate pressure specifications between different international and imperial systems.

What is a kilopascal (kPa)?

A kilopascal (kPa) is a metric unit of pressure that equals 1,000 pascals.

It is one of the most common units for measuring pressure worldwide, used in both scientific and everyday applications.

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The Kilopascal (kPa) Explained

The base unit, the pascal (Pa), is named after the French polymath Blaise Pascal.

As part of the metric system (also known as the SI system), the kilopascal is widely used in scientific, engineering, and industrial fields due to its standardization and ease of calculation.

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Common Applications of Kilopascals (kPa)

The kPa unit is used to measure pressure in many everyday and technical contexts. Common examples include:

• Tire Pressure: A common measurement for vehicle tire pressure in many countries outside the US.
• Weather Forecasting: Used for reporting atmospheric pressure.
• HVAC Systems: Essential for measuring differential pressure in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.
• Medical: Frequently used for measuring blood pressure.
• Manufacturing: Critical for monitoring pressure in various industrial processes.

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Kilopascal Conversions (kPa to PSI and Bar)

For practical use, it's essential to understand how kPa converts to other common pressure units.

• kPa to PSI: 1 kPa is approximately 0.145 PSI (Pounds per Square Inch). PSI is the standard pressure unit used in the United States.
• kPa to Bar: 100 kPa is exactly equal to 1 bar. The bar is another metric unit frequently used for atmospheric and water pressure.